Antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract infection organisms isolated from pregnant women’s urinary samples at lancet clinical laboratories in Zimbabwe, 2021

Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou

doi:10.25077/jom.8.2.113-120.2023

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract infection organisms isolated from pregnant women’s urinary samples at lancet clinical laboratories in Zimbabwe, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jom.8.2.113-120.2023

Author(s)

Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou (Faculty of Health Sciences Africa University)

Abstract

Worldwide, bacterial infections are a main cause of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low-income countries. The world emergence of antimicrobial resistance negatively impact the management of infectious diseases. Nationwide, there is an increasing concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) recently evaluated to contribute for more than 700,000 deaths per year across the globe. The key objective of this present study is to characterise the antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract organisms isolated from pregnant women’s urinary samples analysed at Lancet Clinical Laboratories in Zimbabwe from January to December 2021. This was a laboratory based, cross sectional study conducted among pregnant women’s samples analysed at the laboratory. Microbiology results logbook and patients’ clinical data were used to evaluate basic descriptive statistics (proportions and mean) of participants engaged in this study. We describe the characteristics of variables of respondents where categorical variables were portrayed in the form of numbers and percentages in table, figures format. The prevalence of UTI was 60% with the main isolated bacteria being Escherichia coli (28.10%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.18%) and Kleibseilla pneumoniae (10.27%). There was association between gestational ages with UTI. The prevalence of AMR was 54%. The highest resistant drugs being Ampicillin (60%), Vancomycin (45%) and Penicillin (40%), the least resistant were chloramphenicol (15%), ciprofloxacin (23%) and nitrofurantoin (25%). The prevalence of AMR was high with regards to AMR prevalence rates in a study conducted in Zimbabwe Bulawayo. This is mainly due to the misuse of drugs therefore re-enforcement of prescription-only policies is crucial.

Keywords

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Susceptibility patterns, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Prevalence.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Beyene G, Tsegaye W. Bacterial uropathogens in urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in jimma university specialized hospital, southwest ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2011;21(2):141-146.

Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A. Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathog Glob Health. 2015;109(7):309-318.

Belete MA, Saravanan M. A Systematic Review on Drug Resistant Urinary Tract Infection Among Pregnant Women in Developing Countries in Africa and Asia; 2005-2016. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:1465-1477.

Demilie T, Beyene G, Melaku S, Tsegaye W. Urinary bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among pregnant women in north west ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2012;22(2):121-128.

Foreman, K. J., Marquez, N., Dolgert, A., Fukutaki, K., Fullman, N., McGaughey, M., et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):2052-2090.

Mbanga J, Dube S, Munyanduki H. Prevalence and drug resistance in bacteria of the urinary tract infections in Bulawayo province, Zimbabwe. East Afr J Public Health. 2010;7(3):229-232.

Zakazaka N, Madziyire,M.G.& Magwali,T.L. The prevalence, bacteriology and sensitivity of asymptomatic bacteriuria in antenatal women at Harare and Mbuya Nehanda maternity hospitals, in Zimbabwe.Cent Afr J Med.2017; 63(10-12), 100-104.

Gupta S, Kapur S, Padmavathi D. Comparative prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infection cases from representative States of northern and southern India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(9):9-12.

Chandrashekara S, Misra RN. Observational studies: Are they significant in the current evidence-based trial era. Internet Journal of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology. 2013 ;;1(1): 1.

Kibret M, Abera B. Prevalence and antibiogram of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections at Dessie Health Research Laboratory, Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4(2):164-168

Valiquette L. Urinary tract infections in women. Can J Urol. 2001;8 ( 1):6-12.

Al-Naqshbandi AA, Chawsheen MA, Abdulqader HH. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from urine specimens received in rizgary hospital - Erbil. J Infect Public Health. 2019;12(3):330-336.

Sekikubo M, Hedman K, Mirembe F, Brauner A. Antibiotic Overconsumption in Pregnant Women With Urinary Tract Symptoms in Uganda. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(4):544-550.

Lodise TP, Chopra T, Nathanson BH, Sulham K, Rodriguez M. Epidemiology of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections due to Enterobacterales Among Adult Patients Presenting in Emergency Departments Across the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(7):315.

Gizachew Z, Kassa T, Beyene G, Howe R, Yeshitila B. Multi-drug resistant bacteria and associated factors among reproductive age women with significant bacteriuria. Ethiop. med. j. 2019:31-43.

Gardiner BJ, Stewardson AJ, Abbott IJ, Peleg AY. Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin for resistant urinary tract infections: old drugs for emerging problems. Aust Prescr. 2019;42(1):14-19.