Retracted: Knowledge and practices of delivery room midwives on delayed umbilical cord clamping time: a descriptive study from Turkey

Deniz Akyildiz; Sena Dilek Aksoy

doi:10.25077/jom.7.2.77-87.2022

Retracted: Knowledge and practices of delivery room midwives on delayed umbilical cord clamping time: a descriptive study from Turkey

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.7.2.77-87.2022

Author(s)

Deniz Akyildiz (Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University)

Sena Dilek Aksoy (Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of delivery room midwives on delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC). This descriptive study was conducted with a total of 1,274 delivery room midwives from five regions of Turkey. The data were collected using a Google survey form. Most of the midwives defined DCC as clamping the umbilical cord in term newborns after cessation of pulsations (47.2%), and as clamping the umbilical cord in preterm newborns within 15-30 seconds of birth (31.2%). Their highest DCC time ranged between 0-10 seconds for term and preterm newborns (34.7% and 54.8%, respectively). The rates of applying DCC were 17.6% and 5.3% in term and preterm newborns, respectively. Dealing with the mother (75.6% and 33.4%, respectively), having workload (27.5% and 24.6%, respectively), considering that the newborn would have respiratory distress (16.1% and 33.4%), considering that the newborn would get cold (10.7% and 13.9%, respectively), preventing polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia (6.7% and 9.7%, respectively), and being afraid of dropping the newborn (5.3% and 19%, 8, respectively) are the most common reasons for midwives not to apply DCC to term and preterm newborns. The majority of the midwives reported that they had no DCC protocol in their institution (80.5%) and did not receive in-service training on DCC (76.5%). This study has concluded that most midwives do not know the correct definition of DCC, do not apply DCC correctly, have quite short DCC times, have no DCC protocol in their institutions and do not receive in-service training on DCC.

This article is retracted as requested by the authors. The retraction information is in volume 8, issue 1, 2023. - link

Keywords

Delivery room; midwifery; newborn; umbilical cord clamping

References

ACOG Committee Opinion. (2020). Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth. Obstetrics& Gynecology, 136(6), e100–e106. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/12/delayed-umbilical-cord-clamping-after-birth

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2017). Delayed umbilical cord clamping after birth 2017. https://www.acog.org/ClinicalGuidance-and-Publications/Committee Opinions/Committee-on-ObstetricPractice/Delayed-Umbilical-Cord-Clamping-After-Birth

Andersson, O., & Mercer, J. S. (2021). Cord Management of the Term Newborn. Clinics in Perinatology, 48(3), 447–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2021.05.002

Angelo, A., Derbie, G., Demtse, A., & Tsegaye, A. (2021). Umbilical cord blood hematological parameters reference interval for newborns from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02722-z

Aziz, K., Lee, H. C., Escobedo, M. B., Hoover, A. V., Kamath-Rayne, B. D., Kapadia, V. S., Magid, D. J., Niermeyer, S., Schmölzer, G. M., Szyld, E., Weiner, G. M., Wyckoff, M. H., Yamada, N. K., & Zaichkin, J. (2020). Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 142(16), S524–S550. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000902

Başara Bora, B., Aygün, A., Soytutan Çağlar, İ., & Kulali, B. (2021). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2020 Haber Bülteni [Health Statistics Yearbook 2020 Newsletter]. In T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü Resmi [T.R. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Information Systems Official] (Issue 9). https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/41611/0/haber-bulteni-2020pdf.pdf

Begley, C. M., Gyte, G. M. L., Devane, D., McGuire, W., Weeks, A., & Biesty, L. M. (2019). Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007412.pub5

Berg, J. H. M., Isacson, M., Basnet, O., Gurung, R., Subedi, K., Kc, A., & Andersson, O. (2021). Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neurodevelopment at 3 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neonatology, 118(3), 282–288. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515838

Boere, I., Smit, M., Roest, A. A. W., Lopriore, E., van Lith, J. M. M., & te Pas, A. B. (2015). Current Practice of Cord Clamping in The Netherlands: A Questionnaire Study. Neonatology, 107(1), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1159/000365836

Brocato, B., Holliday, N., Whitehurst, R. M., Lewis, D., & Varner, S. (2016). Delayed Cord Clamping in Preterm Neonates. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 71(1), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0000000000000263

Bruckner, M., Katheria, A. C., & Schmölzer, G. M. (2021). Delayed cord clamping in healthy term infants: More harm or good? Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2021.101221

Chen, Y., Zhou, J., & He, Y. (2017). The effects of delayed cord clamping in preterm infants: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Neonatology, 32(2), 137–143.

Devin, J., & Larkin, P. (2018). Delayed Cord Clamping in Term Neonates: Attitudes and Practices of Midwives in Irish Hospitals. International Journal of Childbirth, 8(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.8.1.4

Fulton, C., Stoll, K., & Thordarson, D. (2016). Bedside resuscitation of newborns with an intact umbilical cord: Experiences of midwives from British Columbia. Midwifery, 34, 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.01.006

Ibrahim, N. O., Sukkarieh, H. H., Bustami, R. T., Alshammari, E. A., Alasmari, L. Y., & Al-Kadri, H. M. (2017). Current umbilical cord clamping practices and attitudes of obstetricians and midwives toward delayed cord clamping in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 37(3), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2017.216

Isacson, M., Thies-Lagergren, L., Oras, P., Hellström-Westas, L., & Anderssson, O. (2022). Umbilical cord clamping and management of the third stage of labor: A telephone-survey describing Swedish midwives’ clinical practice. European Journal of Midwifery, 6(6), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/145697

Jeevan, A., Ananthan, A., Bhuwan, M., Balasubramanian, H., Rao, S., & Kabra, N. S. (2021). Umbilical cord milking versus delayed cord clamping in term and late-preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, Feb 10, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1884676

Lara-Cantón, I., Badurdeen, S., Dekker, J., Davis, P., Roberts, C., te Pas, A., & Vento, M. (2022). Oxygen saturation and heart rate in healthy term and late preterm infants with delayed cord clamping. Pediatric Research, August 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01805-y

Leslie, M. S., Erickson-Owens, D., & Park, J. (2020). Umbilical Cord Practices of Members of the American College of Nurse-Midwives. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 65(4), 520–528. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13071

Madhavanprabhakaran, G. K., Wittmann, A. L., Aldughaishi, T., & Thomas, D. S. (2018). Knowledge and Practice of Umbilical Cord Clamping among Maternity Care Providers. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 6(3), 1311–1318. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2018.23553.1252

Mercer, J. S., & Erickson-Owens, D. A. (2014). Is it time to rethink cord management when resuscitation is needed? Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 59(6), 635–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12206

Mercer, J. S., Erickson-Owens, D. A., Deoni, S. C. L., Dean, D. C., Tucker, R., Parker, A. B., Joelson, S., Mercer, E. N., Collins, J., & Padbury, J. F. (2022). The Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping on 12-Month Brain Myelin Content and Neurodevelopment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Perinatology, 39(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714258

Mwakawanga, D. L., & Mselle, L. T. (2020). Early or delayed umbilical cord clamping? Experiences and perceptions of nurse-midwives and obstetricians at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania. PLoS ONE, 15(6 June), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234854

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2017). Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies (CG190). In Clinical guideline (Issue December). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg190

Okulu, E., Haskologlu, S., Guloglu, D., Kostekci, E., Erdeve, O., Atasay, B., Koc, A., Soylemez, F., Dogu, F., Ikinciogullari, A., & Arsan, S. (2022). Effects of Umbilical Cord Management Strategies on Stem Cell Transfusion, Delivery Room Adaptation, and Cerebral Oxygenation in Term and Late Preterm Infants. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10(April), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.838444

Ortiz-Esquinas, I., Gómez-Salgado, J., Pascual-Pedreño, A. I., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Ballesta-Castillejos, A., & Hernández-Martínez, A. (2020). Variability and associated factors in the management of cord clamping and the milking practice among Spanish obstetric professionals. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1738. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58641-z

Ortiz-Esquinas, I., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Gómez-Salgado, J., Arias-Arias, Á., Ballesta-Castillejos, A., & Hernández-Martínez, A. (2020). Effects of cord milking in late preterm infants and full-term infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Birth, 47(3), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12500

Padilla-Sánchez, C., Baixauli-Alacreu, S., Cañada-Martínez, A. J., Solaz-García, Á., Alemany-Anchel, M. J., & Vento, M. (2020). Delayed vs Immediate Cord Clamping Changes Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate Patterns in the First Minutes after Birth. Journal of Pediatrics, 227, 149-156.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.045

Payne, L., Walker, K. F., & Mitchell, E. J. (2021). Timing of umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants in low-and-middle-income countries: A survey of current practice. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 264, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.06.041

Peberdy, L., Young, J., Massey, D., & Kearney, L. (2020). Maternity health professionals’ perspectives of cord clamp timing, cord blood banking and cord blood donation: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 410. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03102-8

Peberdy, L., Young, J., Massey, D., & Kearney, L. (2022). Integrated review of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of maternity health care professionals concerning umbilical cord clamping. Birth, April 2021, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12647

Qian, Y., Ying, X., Wang, P., Lu, Z., & Hua, Y. (2019). Early versus delayed umbilical cord clamping on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 300(3), 531–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05215-8

Rabe, H., Mercer, J., & Erickson-Owens, D. (2022). What does the evidence tell us? Revisiting optimal cord management at the time of birth. European Journal of Pediatrics, 181(5), 1797–1807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04395-x

Rousseau, A., Duron, M.-A., & Letouzey, M. (2022). Practices and attitudes about delayed umbilical cord clamping for term infants: a descriptive survey among midwives. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42(6), 1751–1758. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2022.2036964

Royal College of Midwives (RMC). (2015). Latest recommendations on timing of clamping the umbilical. https://www.rcm.org.uk/news-views-andanalysis/views/latest-recommendations-on-timing-of-clamping-the-umbilical-cord

Singh, L., Singh, D., Deepika, Raghunandan, C., & Dhoat, N. (2022). A clinical study of fetal outcome following early and delayed cord clamping in births associated with anemia in pregnancy. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(5), 1789. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_882_21

TNSA. (2018). In Hacettepe University of Population Studies. http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf

World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Guideline: Delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes. In Geneva: World Health Organization.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Optimal timing of cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants. https://www.who.int/elena/titles/cord_clamping/en

Yaman, Ş., Aydın, R., Uçakcı, C., Özkan, S., & Kalkan, A. (2016). Doğum Salonunda Görev Yapan Ebe/Hemşirelerin Yenidoğanın İlk Bakımına Yönelik Hasta Güvenliği Uygulamaları [The Patient Safety Practice of Midwife and Nurse Who Work in The Delivery Room Relating to The First Care of The Newborn]. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi [Journal of Nursology], 19, 14–24.

Zhao, Y., Hou, R., Zhu, X., Ren, L., & Lu, H. (2019). Effects of delayed cord clamping on infants after neonatal period: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 92, 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.012